Descriptions of Set and...

I've found several quotes of inscriptions featuring Set on statuary, but have not as yet found images of the particular pieces. So this is the page for those. Also this is the spot for fragments and other miscellanea.

On my visit in May of 2009, I was impressed by the relief at the Met museum from the Chapel built by Seti I for his Father Ramesses I. I took a few photos of it, and it wasn't until a few months later when I was preparing the photos for the online gallery that I noticed the appearance of a Set sha (or animal):

I wish I had an image of the following, but at least I have a word description, thanks to peeksies via Google Book Search. Olaf E. Kaper writes about "The Statue of Penbast: On the Cult of Seth in the Dakhleh Oasis" as part of the _Essays on Ancient Egypt in Honour of Herman TeVelde_. He describes his find, which he thinks is from the 21st Dynasty, "a period of renewed activity in the Southern Oasis" (page 234):

"The most remarkable of these was found in the southern half of the temple, in the form of a small statue (Fig. 1). It lay close to the southern central column surrounded by wind-blown sand, at about 30 cm above the original floor level...

"The statue attests the long-lasting veneration of the god Seth in the Dakhleh Oasis...

"The statue is made of limestone and its current height measures 28 cm, its base 14x22cm. It is in a severely damaged state; the head is missing as well as the hands, arms and feet, while the remaining surface is chipped on all sides..." (page 231)

Despite all the damage, some of its inscription is still visible:


The left line reads:
"... Eye of Re, Mistress of all the gods, may she give a long life-span and a high old age ...(to) the priest of Seth Penbast"
The right line reads:
"..Seth Great of Strength, the son of Nut, may he grant life, well-being and health (to) the High Priest of Seth Penbast..."
(page 232)

A mention of a scholar, praised by a person seeming rather rare with praise, sent me off Googling. I pulled up what I could of the scholar-author's book in my search, and looked for what I always look, Set sightings! Find, we did.

The first brought forth an interesting stela with this footnote: "The 'Two Lords are Horus and Seth", whereby it is referencing this sentence: "May you inhale myrrh and ointment and receive the cleansing of the Two Lords."

I agree with Lichtheim's conclusion "Of special interest in his autobiography is Nebneteru's expression of satisfaction with his exceptionally long life, and his emphatic exhortation to the reader to enjoy life, to eschew worries, and to shun the thought of death." (pages 18 -24)

Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume III: The Late Period is not expensive, I might add that to my collection someday. I noted further references to Set in Lichtheim's Ancient Egyptian Literature: The New Kingdom / with a new foreword regarding Ramses II's Kadesh battles in which "he was like Seth in the moment of his power," and "His majesty was like Seth, great-of-strength, like Sahkmet in the moment of her rage..." and in the poem of Ramses II praising him, "Great of awe, rich in glory, As is Seth upon his mountain..."((Pages 57 to 63)
(From what I understand of what scholars can now determine, the battle was more of a stalemate, despite the claims of utterly defeating the foes...)

Then, I am not sure how I ended up at the rest of my findings. I wanted to see a photo of Nebneteru's "block statue of grey granite", and did not, only a reference to it that said it was from the 22nd Dynasty and came from the 'Karnak cachette'.

Somehow I ended up at Ramesside Inscriptions, Translated and Annotated Translations: Ramesses II... by Kenneth A. Kitchen, a 300 buck book which I won't be acquiring any time soon. One nice Set sighting is the following:

5. Stela IV, Cairo JdE. 72020
(a) Upper Register. Papyrus-umbel vase before a hippopotamus; no texts.
(b) Lower Register. Two men face each other, kneeling and adoring.
(i) Man at Right.
Giving praise to Seth great in strength, Son of Nut, that he may give life, prosperity and health for the spirit of the Servant in the Place <of Truth>, Penamun, [justified].
(ii) Man at Left. Giving praise to Seth the Beloved of Re, great in strength in the Barque of Millions (of Years), for the spirit of his son Shedamun (or: Amen-shedu), justified.

I've found another reference to this stela. It is:
Stela, dedicated to Seth by Penamun and Amenshed, in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 72020.
Thebes. Deir el-Medîna. Miscellaneous. Stelae.i2.731

Apparently a book by a "Bruyère, Rapport (1935-40), fasc. ii, 101-2 [228] fig. 173 and pl. xvi." has an illustration of it. I find also, "The village was first excavated early this century by Ernesto Schiaparelli, but considerable valuable work was carried out later by Bernard Bruyere and Jaroslav Cerny....Bruyère for the French Institute in Cairo in 1922-1940 and 1945-1951." But no photos.

I did find another Ramesside inscription which speaks of Set. Setau, the viceroy of Kush, in the lower scene of this stela is:

Giving praise to Amun,
paying homage to Seth, great in strength;
I give praise to Renenutet, Lady of Sustenance...

This inscription was also translated by Kenneth Kitchen and is on a stela at the Cairo museum, 41396.

Statue of Sennefer, the mayor of Thebes, found at Naqada Temple, Petrie Museum UC 14639

Photographer "Tutincommon"


Hieroglyphs translated:

"Given as a reward from the king in the temple of Nubti to the prince of the southern city Sen-nefer," and below, "May the king give an offering and Set of Nubit, son of Nut, very valorous, at the front of the sacred bark; and all the gods who are in Nubt, may they grant the receiving of food that appears upon the altar, of every good and pure thing, the offering of frankincense on the censer daily, to the Ka of the hereditary prince, the watchful overseer, who loves his lord, the steward of . . . prince of the southern city Sen-nefer, devoted to his lord, makheru." Naqada and Ballas by Petrie
Makheru, aka Maa-kheru means 'true of voice', KA refers to an aspect of the immortal soul
More items from Naqada Temple of Seth

The Oriental Museum has a small stela featuring Set as a hippopotamus and Panehmy with hands outstetched towards Set:

Limestone, pigment
New Kingdom, Dynasty 19, ca. 1279 BCE
OIM 12292 (From Info Card):
"The ancient Egyptians prayed to a wide variety of deities. here, a man named Panehmy prays before an altar upon which stands a statue of a hippotamus, a form of the god Seth."

Eugene Cruz-Uribe's "Seth, God of Power and Might", in the Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt issue 45, reveals more about Late Period devotion to Set:


"Name of the prophet of Seth"
Ostracon Deir el Bagawat (Photograph 11)

"The Coptic-Islamic Inspectorate in Kharga Oasis conducted a series of excavations at Late Period sites in Kharga Oasis. While excavating at Ain Zaf and Deir el Bagawat, boht just northwest of the Coptic cemetary at Bagawat, they discovered a number of Coptic, Greek and Demotic Ostraca. Several of the Demotic ostraca make reference to the cult of the god Seth. The ostraca probably date to the 1st-2nd century AD." (pages 221-222)

Here is a vessel fragment with just the head of Set showing at the bottom:

Fragment of faience vessel with cartouche of Amenhotep III
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, ca 1388-1351 BCE
Neues Berlin AM 7241
Photo credit Heidi Kontkanen